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Recursion Across 20 Languages | CSE 240 Guide

Recursion Across 20 Languages | CSE 240 Guide





Languages



Python

JavaScript

C

C++

Java

C#

TypeScript

SQL

Go

Swift

Kotlin

R

PHP

Ruby

Rust

Dart

MATLAB

Scala

Perl

Bash







Recursive Functions Across 20 Languages

A comprehensive guide for CSE 240 and beyond






Python



Quick Reference



Variables

x = 10 name = "value" (dynamic typing)



Functions

def function_name(param): followed by indented body



Classes

class ClassName: with def __init__(self): for constructor



Comments

# single line or """multi-line"""



Control Flow

if condition: elif: else: for item in list: while condition:








Recursion Example: Study Hours Calculator

def calculate_study_hours(module_number):
# Base case: Module 1 takes a baseline of 3 hours.
if module_number == 1:
return 3
# Recursive step: Each subsequent module takes its number in hours,
# plus all the hours from previous modules.
else:
return module_number + calculate_study_hours(module_number - 1)

# How many hours for the first 4 modules?
print(calculate_study_hours(4)) # Output: 10 (4 + 3 + 2 + 1)







JavaScript



Quick Reference



Variables

let x = 10; const y = 20; var z = 30; (use let/const)



Functions

function name(param) { } or const name = (param) => { }



Classes

class Name { constructor() { } method() { } }



Comments

// single line or /* multi-line */



Control Flow

if (condition) { } for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { } while (condition) { }








Recursion Example: Concept Unlocker

function unlockConcept(currentConceptID, finalConceptID) {
// Base case: You've reached the final concept for the week.
if (currentConceptID >= finalConceptID) {
console.log(`Concept ${finalConceptID} mastered! Module complete.`);
return;
}

// Recursive step: Study the current concept and move to the next.
console.log(`Studying concept ${currentConceptID}...`);
unlockConcept(currentConceptID + 1, finalConceptID);
}

unlockConcept(1, 5);







C



Quick Reference



Variables

int x = 10; char c = 'a'; float f = 3.14; (static typing)



Functions

return_type function_name(type param) { }



Pointers

int *ptr = &x; *ptr (dereference) &var (address)



Structs

struct Name { type field; }; struct Name var;



Memory

malloc…